This is an explanation of the Cryptography problem "It is my Birthday 2" from CyLab Security Academy (formerly picoCTF). You are provided with one file, invite.pdf. There is a form on the webpage to ...

Ethereum hash functions are reevaluated as post-quantum proof systems remove prior constraints, focusing on security and speed trade-offs.

There is something a bit mysterious about explaining how hashing works. When you are told, 'It converts data into a different ...

BLAKE3 beats SHA3-256 by up to 12x on throughput benchmarks, but SHA-3 keeps its FIPS 202 edge. Full specs, pricing, and ...

HMAC tags run 32 bytes, RSA-2048 signatures run 256. Compare speed, key handling, and costs for HMAC vs digital signatures in ...

Autonomous AI agents are quietly becoming the new operating layer of the internet. They book meetings, query databases, ...

A new study delivers the first formal cryptographic treatment of reversible data hiding in encrypted images, introducing a ...

There is also no evidence that any quantum computer today can break elliptic-curve signatures. The "harvest now, decrypt ...

Learn how Ethereum function selectors help smart contracts identify transaction requests and execute the right functions.

Letters patent bench can interfere with writ-court decision only for glaring, demonstrable error The Court held that a Letters Patent Bench cannot interfere with an otherwise just ...