In this paper we use simulations to examine how endogeneity biases the results reported by ordinary least squares (OLS) regression. In addition, we examine how instrumental variable techniques help to ...

Fuzzy statistics and random variables represent a progressive fusion of traditional probability theory with the principles of fuzzy logic, enabling the treatment of imprecision and vagueness inherent ...

Behavioral variability is quietly sabotaging clinical trials—but it doesn't have to. Here's how predictive behavioral modeling can improve trial design, reduce dropout, and deliver more inclusive, ...