Chemical Reactions: A chemical reaction is a process where the substances 8unbdergo a change in their chemical composition. The substances that enter the reaction are called reactants that are then ...

The bottom-up fabrication of nano- and microscale structures from primary building blocks (molecules, colloidal particles) has made remarkable progress over the past two decades, but most research has ...

Describing the kinetics of polymer reactions, such as the formation of loops and hairpins in nucleic acids or polypeptides, is complicated by the structural dynamics of their chains. Although both ...