Circuit simulations are great because you can experiment with circuits and make changes with almost no effort. In Circuit VR, we look at circuits using a simulator to do experiments without having to ...

If you’re designing a linear circuit of any kind today, it most likely involves an op amp and even an analog-to-digital converter (ADC). The op amp is your go-to device simply because it can be ...

At the beginning of this year, I built a DAC using the AK4498EX, which I dubbed the ultimate USB bus-powered DAC. Since then, ...

We analog designers take great pains to make our amplifiers stable when we design them, but there are many situations that cause them to oscillate in the real world. Various types of loads can make ...

Switching regulators have delivered such convenience and efficiency compared to their linear siblings, that it’s now becoming rare to see an old-style three-terminal regulator. Modern designs have ...

A comparator is a great circuit because it provides a near ideal transition between the analog and digital domains. The comparator looks at two linear input signals and gives a digital output that’s ...

The unity-gain op amp (operational amplifier) buffer circuit is routinely used to transform high-impedance inputs into low-impedance outputs. ADC (analog-to-digital converter) voltage references are ...

We consider first the biquadratic active- RC sections that use a single op amp, configured in either an inverting (negative-feedback) or noninverting (positive-feedback) mode, in a single-loop ...