Laboratory reference ranges reflect methods, populations, and policies, and experienced clinicians interpret them in context rather than applying fixed cutoffs theoretically.

Heart rate variability (HRV) is a known risk factor for mortality in both healthy and patient populations. There are currently no normative data for short-term measures of HRV. A thorough review of ...

A urine protein-creatinine ratio (UPCR) test looks for high levels of protein in your urine, which can happen in kidney disease. Results that are higher than average may be a sign of a kidney-related ...

GLYCOSURIA during pregnancy is such a frequent occurrence that it is often dismissed as unimportant. We have found, however, that true diabetes often begins during pregnancy and may be overlooked and ...