This survey paper consists of two parts. In the first part (up to and including setion 3) we review the central limit theorems for discrete time martingales, and show that many different sets of ...

Physicists have shown that Markov processes, widely used to model complex systems, must unfold over a larger space than previously assumed. Scientists believe that time is continuous, not discrete -- ...

This paper presents an approach for representing functions of discrete variables, and their products, using logarithmic numbers of binary variables. Given a univariate function whose domain consists ...