Fifty years ago, Keldysh introduced an important idea. Treating both gases and solids on the same footing, he showed that strong-field ionization—valence-band to conduction-band transitions in ...

Harmonics of the 60 Hz power frequency has been around for a long time. It was observed on transmission systems in the early 1890s and was associated with voltage and current waveforms. As equipment ...

No harmonic mitigation solution is ideal for every application. So, once you or your client decides to reduce harmonic distortion on a facility electrical power system, you must consider several ...

What are harmonics in RF systems? A given signal’s second harmonic is approximately twice the given signal’s fundamental frequency. Ideally, amplifiers are expected to have zero non-linearities in the ...

There are several ways to evaluate the bandwidth of a signal in the time domain and frequency domain. Previously we looked at the classic relationship of rise time (t r) and bandwidth (f 3db) [Ref 1], ...