Today's nearly $70 billion U.S. biofuels economy is powered by two technology toolboxes. Biochemical technologies—used to produce around 17 billion gallons of ethanol annually—leverage microorganisms ...

A peptide bridge is designed to construct a fusion enzyme with electrostatic cofactor channeling, reducing NADPH input by two orders of magnitude or decreasing reaction time threefold with the same ...

Enzymes help with specific functions that are vital to the operation and overall health of the body. They help speed up chemical reactions in the human body. They are essential for respiration, ...

Ever since it flooded our planet’s atmosphere more than 2.1 billion years ago, oxygen has played a starring role in our lives. But despite its crucial importance to the function of all living ...

Natural biological systems cannot efficiently convert waste CO₂ or its derivatives into useful building-block chemicals at a scale that can keep pace with rising atmospheric carbon. Engineer a fully ...

Enzymology is the study of enzymes and enzyme-catalyzed reactions. Enzymes are biological catalysts that accelerate the rate of biological reactions. They can also perform multiple reactions ...

In a breakthrough that defies nature, Northwestern University and Stanford University synthetic biologists have created a new artificial metabolism that transforms waste carbon dioxide (CO2) into ...