At each sampling time instant, one observes system output and action to form discrete-time rewards. The sampled input-output data are collected along the trajectory of the dynamical system in ...

Ordinary differential equations (ODEs), difference equations and dynamical systems provide complementary frameworks for modelling the evolution of quantities in continuous or discrete time. ODEs ...

Introduces undergraduate students to chaotic dynamical systems. Topics include smooth and discrete dynamical systems, bifurcation theory, chaotic attractors, fractals, Lyapunov exponents, ...